Taken together, our results support an intricate control of cell survival/death modulated by oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy in synthetic cathinones-induced renal injury. Importantly, these antioxidant agents significantly aggravated renal cell death induced by cathinone derivatives, most likely due to their autophagy-blocking properties. Both drugs triggered a rise in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formation, which was completely prevented by antioxidant treatment with N‑acetyl‑L‑cysteine or ascorbic acid. Moreover, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine significantly potentiated cell death, indicating that autophagy may serve as a cell survival mechanism that protects renal cells against synthetic cathinones toxicity. Both drugs elicited apoptotic cell death and prompted the formation of acidic vesicular organelles and autophagosomes in HK-2 cells. ![]() 3,4-DMMC and methylone were selected to further elucidate the mechanisms behind synthetic cathinones-induced cell death. All four derivatives elicited cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, in the following order of potency: 3,4-DMMC > MDPV > methylone ≈ pentedrone. In this study, the potential in vitro nephrotoxic effects of four commonly abused cathinone derivatives, namely pentedrone, 3,4-dimethylmethcatinone (3,4-DMMC), methylone and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), were assessed in the human kidney HK-2 cell line. This proprietary technology links the high-tech domains of microfluidics and bioengineering for broad applications in the life science arena. Kidney injury has been reported in intoxications associated with synthetic cathinones, but the molecular mechanisms involved have not been explored yet. SynVivo is a cell-based microfluidic organ-on-chip platform that provides a biologically realistic microenvironment for the real-time study of cellular behavior, drug delivery, and drug discovery. Send us feedback.Synthetic cathinones abuse remains a serious public health problem. These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'elucidate.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Find 35 ways to say ELUCIDATE, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. 2022 Additionally, when symptoms are variable week-to-week, day-to-day, and even hour-to-hour, only continuous regular remote monitoring will be able to elucidate the causes. 2022 Maloney has an uncanny ability to recall and elucidate moments that couldn’t have been very clear at the time.Ĭhris Vognar, USA TODAY, 10 Feb. I actively collaborate with soft matter physicists to understand the 3D structure, organization, and biomechanical function of plant tissues. rk gr pl uy rt bo lc ne ms ss jw bb pf mq en mo ab mk hf hw ef sy rc ss cl. 2022 Now researchers are using these concepts to elucidate the workings of something even more exotic: wormholes-hypothetical tunnel-like connections between distant points in spacetime.Īdam Becker, Scientific American, 20 Jan. While most of my work focuses on vascular plants, many of the principles I elucidate are applicable to other kingdoms of life. These data further demonstrate the power of our platform to elucidate the regulatory genome and make medicines that control the expression of genes with the. even if its statistically unlikely, he elucidated Pregnant brunette is. 2022 Parents that participated in the ZURU study also helped to elucidate this point. Laura Forman, WSJ, His vivid descriptions of some of the Parrotheads who have flocked to these developments elucidate Americans’ growing fascination with unconventional retirement scenarios. However, we are making a number of plans, which Im not going to elucidate at this stage, to sell activities based around maintenance, following the model of the major software houses such as SAP and Oracle, without necessarily increasing prices, but by offering new maintenance possibilities (24-hour a day, 7-day a week services, etc.). Pei-lin Wu, Washington Post, Pinterest declined to elucidate whether the difference was due to rounding. 2021 Authorities have published intricate flow charts to try to elucidate the various routes to tanchuang. ![]() Recent Examples on the Web Although qualitative measurements are important and businesses must be profitable to stay alive, the math will not elucidate employers. Accredited by the Bureau of Immigration to accept international students into its degree programs (2000) Professional Graduates from SY 1953-1954 to SY.
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